What is the term for a stimulus that requires learning history to have reinforcing value?

• A. Reinforcement
• B. Reinforcer
• C. Unconditioned reinforcer
• D. Conditioned reinforcer

Answer: (D)

A stimulus that requires learning history to have reinforcing value is a conditioned reinforcer. It starts as a neutral cue and, through pairing or association with primary reinforcers (like food or warmth) or through social consequences, it acquires the ability to strengthen behavior. Its power comes from what has been learned about it, not from any inherent biological value. For example, money or praise become reinforcing because of the meanings attached to them through experience. In contrast, a primary (unconditioned) reinforcer has natural, intrinsic value and does not depend on learning. The term that describes the learning-based reinforcer is conditioned reinforcer.